# # KEHOME/knowledge/cyc/myCyc.mkr # Feb/20/2007 Sep/25/2008 # cyc constant format: #$name CommentMode := cyc; TypeComment := ""; rdf:RDF has xmlns:daml = "http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil#", xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", xmlns:rdfs = "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", xmlns:dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", xmlns = "http://opencyc.sourceforge.net/daml/cyc#"; "http://mKRmKE.net/knowledge/cyc/myCyc.mkr" has creator = "Richard H. McCullough", date = "2007/Feb/20", source = "http://xbean.cs.ccu.edu.tw/~dan/opencyc-0.6.0/cyc.daml", language = "mKR"; Ontology has about="", versionInfo = "$Id$", comment = <The Cyc Upper Ontology>; guid isu UniqueProperty; guid has label = "guid", comment = <Permanent Global Unique ID for the associated concept -- which enables concept renaming. Users should not depend upon the DAML ID nor label as fixed for all time.>, domain = Thing, range = Literal; AFewDaysDuration isu Time-Quantity; AFewDaysDuration has label = "a few days duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 days>, guid = "bd58f6ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewDecadesDuration isu OrderOfMagnitudeInterval; AFewDecadesDuration has label = "a few decades duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 decades>, guid = "bd58af72-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewHoursDuration isu OrderOfMagnitudeInterval; AFewHoursDuration has label = "a few hours duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 hours>, guid = "bd58fded-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewMinutesDuration isu OrderOfMagnitudeInterval; AFewMinutesDuration has label = "a few minutes duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 minutes>, guid = "bd5899f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewMonthsDuration isu Time-Quantity; AFewMonthsDuration has label = "a few months duration", comment = <A few months 2-10>, guid = "bd59008b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewSecondsDuration isu OrderOfMagnitudeInterval; AFewSecondsDuration has label = "a few seconds duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 30 seconds>, guid = "bd589ecf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewWeeksDuration isu Time-Quantity; AFewWeeksDuration has label = "a few weeks duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 weeks>, guid = "bd58ddfa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AFewYearsDuration isu Time-Quantity; AFewYearsDuration has label = "a few years duration", comment = <Duration of 2 to 10 years>, guid = "bd589ddb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbandoningSomething ismem Class; AbandoningSomething has label = "abandonments", comment = <The collection of events in which some #$Agent deliberately gives up possession of something, without giving it to another.>, guid = "bd67b7de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbandoningSomething rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss LosingUserRights, iss PurposefulAction, xor GainingUserRights; Ablation ismem Class; Ablation has label = "ablations", comment = <A collection of events. In an #$Ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object.>, guid = "bd58b6b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Ablation rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss Separation-Complete, iss RemovingSomething; AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction ismem Class; AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction has label = "above ground levels", comment = <A specialization of #$LevelOfAConstruction whose instances are at or above ground level. See also #$BasementLevelInAConstruction and #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction.>, guid = "bd588bb2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss LevelOfAConstruction; AbradingSomething ismem Class; AbradingSomething has label = "abrading events", comment = <A collection of events. In an #$AbradingSomething event, the surface of some object is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction. Devices used in elements of #$AbradingSomething include files and sand paper; elements of #$AbradingSomething would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc.>, guid = "bd5899e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbradingSomething rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss Ablation; AbstractInformationalThing ismem Class; AbstractInformationalThing has label = "data", comment = <A heterogeneous collection of abstract objects that pertain to information. Subsumes not only #$Proposition, but also the collections #$Sentence, #$CharacterString, #$AtomicSymbol-Abstract, #$Microtheory, #$PropositionalInformationThing, and #$ConceptualWork. Note that while all #$AbstractInformationalThings are abstract objects (this collection is disjoint with #$SpatialThing-Localized), most instances of this collection can have multiple concrete 'embodiments'. A single instance of #$Sentence can be written on several peices of paper (see #$instantiationOfAIS); a #$PropositionalInformationThing may be the content of several concrete documents, such as instances of #$BookCopy (see #$containsInfoPropositional-IBT); and several events, such as spoken utterances, may have a certain #$Proposition as their content (see #$containsInformation). Note that some instances of #$AbstractInformationalThing have temporal extent. Examples include all instances of #$Novel-CW and #$Movie-CW. Others specs are disjoint with #$TemporalThing. Examples include all instances of #$Character-Abstract and #$Proposition.>, guid = "bdff6c64-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbstractInformationalThing rel isu StuffType, ismem Class, iss IntangibleIndividual, xor SpatialThing, xor Agent, xor Event; AbstractProgrammingLanguage ismem Class; AbstractProgrammingLanguage has label = "programming languages", comment = <The collection of languages invented for use by computers. This includes both command languages and others which one doesn't really `program' in.>, guid = "bd58c2ea-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbstractProgrammingLanguage rel isu ObjectType; AbstractShapeType ismem Class; AbstractShapeType has label = "abstract shape type", comment = <A collection of collections. An instance SHAPE of #$ShapeType (q.v.) is also an instance of #$AbstractShapeType if and only if SHAPE is a spec of #$GeometricThing-Abstract. It is distinguished from #$GenericShapeType (q.v.), which is the collection of those collections that are instances of #$ShapeType, some of whose instances are abstract, and some of whose instances are localized. There is no '#$LocalizedShapeType'. The instances of #$AbstractShapeType are the acceptable second-arguments of the predicate #$shape. So, if you have have a spherical ball, BALL001, it is true that (#$shape BALL001 (#$AbstractFn #$SphereShape)), but false (in fact, undefined) that (#$shape BALL001 #$SphereShape).>, guid = "c0f46e32-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AbstractShapeType rel ismem Class, ismem CollectionType, iss ShapeType, xor GenericShapeType; AcademicProfessional ismem Class; AcademicProfessional has label = "academics", comment = <A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional. Each element of #$AcademicProfessional is a person whose job is to educate and/or to perform research as an affiliate of an academic institution. This includes members of the teaching and/or research staff of schools, colleges, universities, and research institutes.>, guid = "bd589db6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcademicProfessional rel isu OccupationType, iss Professional; AcademicQuarter ismem Class; AcademicQuarter has label = "academic quarters", comment = <Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one quarter of their #$AcademicYear. Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like StanfordSpringQuarter1991.>, guid = "bd589441-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcademicQuarter rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss TimeInterval, xor TimePoint; AcademicSemester ismem Class; AcademicSemester has label = "semesters", comment = <Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one half of their #$AcademicYear. Since the start dates, end dates and duration may vary depending on the institution and year, instances will be time intervals such as ``StanfordSpringSemester1990-91''.>, guid = "bd58ea30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcademicSemester rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss TimeInterval, xor TimePoint; AcademicTrimester ismem Class; AcademicTrimester has label = "trimesters", comment = <Each instance of this collection is a #$TimeInterval defined by some educational institution: one third of their #$AcademicYear. Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution and year, instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like UCLASpringTrimester1990-91.>, guid = "bd58ea73-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcademicTrimester rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss TimeInterval, xor TimePoint; AcademicYear ismem Class; AcademicYear has label = "academic years", comment = <Each instance of this collection is an annually recurring #$TimeInterval defined by an educational institution. Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like Stanford1989-90AcademicYear.>, guid = "bd58f188-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcademicYear rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss TimeInterval, xor TimePoint; Acceleration ismem Class; Acceleration has label = "accelerations", comment = <Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time. It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond.>, guid = "bd58dc89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Acceleration rel isu DerivedNumericAttributeType, iss ScalarInterval, iss PhysicalAttribute; AccessNumber ismem Class; AccessNumber has label = "access numbers", comment = <A collection of #$PhoneNumbers. Each element of #$AccessNumber is a string that a user with #$Internet connections uses to connect to his/her #$InternetServiceProvider.>, guid = "bf796ce3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AccessNumber rel isu IDStringType, iss PhoneNumber; AccessingAnIBT ismem Class; AccessingAnIBT has label = "information-accessing events", comment = <A collection of information transfer events. Each element of #$AccessingAnIBT is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some IBT (i.e., an element of #$InformationBearingThing). Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave you on, or hearing your roommate ask you to take out the trash. Of course, communication conventions play a role here. In the #$NaiveInformationMt, Cyc simply assumes that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards. In the #$InformationGMt, Cyc makes the more complicated inference that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards only if the agent is able to get the encoded information using a convention familiar to that agent. See also #$CommunicationConvention, #$hasCommConvention, #$usesCommConventionForInfo.>, guid = "bd58d61f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AccessingAnIBT rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss TransferIn, iss PurposefulAction, iss InformationTransferEvent; Account ismem Class; Account has label = "accounts", comment = <A collection of objects; a subset of #$LegalAgreement. Each element of #$Account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of `funds' which typically can be added to and drawn upon. Examples include the instances of #$RetirementAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount, and of the many types of #$FinancialAccount. Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the subsets #$VacationAccount or a #$SickLeaveAccount. #$Account does NOT include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as a bond).>, guid = "bd588c2b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Account rel isu AccountType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss LegalAgreement, iss AuthorizedAgreement; AccountStatusAttribute ismem Class; AccountStatusAttribute has label = "account statuses", comment = <A collection of attributes. Each element of #$AccountStatusAttribute is an attribute that describes the obligational status of an #$Account; e.g.,#$PaidInFull, #$InComplianceWithPaymentSchedule, #$PaymentOverdue, #$AccountInactive.>, guid = "bd58d207-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AccountStatusAttribute rel isu AttributeType, isu SiblingDisjointAttributeType, iss AttributeValue; AccountType ismem Class; AccountType has label = "account type", comment = <A collection of collections. Each element of #$AccountType is a collection of financial accounts of some type. Examples: #$SavingsAccount, #$CreditCardAccount, #$RetirementAccount, #$SocialSecurityAccount, #$TravelExpenseAccount. Typically, accounts are denominated in units of #$Money.>, guid = "bd588be8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AccountType rel isu SiblingDisjointCollection, ismem CollectionType, iss ExistingObjectType; Acknowledging-CommunicationAct ismem Class; Acknowledging-CommunicationAct has label = "acknowledgments", comment = <The collection of actions which are #$performedBy one #$Agent to convey information about the receipt of a prior #$CommunicationAct-Single which was #$performedBy another #$Agent. An example: Judy saying `No' in response to Jane's prior act of saying `Will you clean the toaster.'>, guid = "bd590c41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Acknowledging-CommunicationAct rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss CommunicationAct-Single; AcquaintanceAttribute ismem Class; AcquaintanceAttribute has label = "acquaintance attribute", comment = <The collection of attributes that specify ways in which (and/or degrees to which) one person is acquainted with another E.g., some instances of this collection are: #$FamousPersonAcquaintance, #$TrueFanAcquaintance, #$IntimateAcquaintance, #$FrequentContactAcquaintance, etc.>, guid = "bd58f556-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AcquaintanceAttribute rel isu SocialAttributeType, ismem Class; Action ismem Class; Action has label = "actions", comment = <A collection of events. Each instance of #$Action is an event that is carried out by some 'doer' (see #$doneBy). Actions may include any event in which one or more actor(s) effect some change(s) in the tangible or intangible state of the world, typically by some expenditure of effort or energy. But note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of actions may be intangible (such as the change in a bank balance, or the intimidation of a subordinate). Depending upon the context, actors may be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious. For actions that are intentional, see also #$PurposefulAction, #$performedBy.>, guid = "bd58a841-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Action rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss Event; ActionOnObject ismem Class; ActionOnObject has label = "actions on an object", comment = <The collection of physical events in which some doer acts on an object. Each element of #$ActionOnObject is an action in which both the roles of #$doneBy and #$objectActedOn (qq.v.) are filled. Positive examples: someone typing on a keyboard; a tornado destroying a building. Negative examples: a person dancing; wind blowing.>, guid = "c0e7f6ca-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ActionOnObject rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss Action, iss PhysicalEvent; ActorSlot ismem Class; ActorSlot has label = "actor slots", comment = <A collection of binary predicates; a specialization of #$Role. Each element of #$ActorSlot relates some instance of #$Event to a temporal thing involved in that event (here called a `participant', but that does not imply activity). The first argument of every #$ActorSlot is an instance of #$Event, and the second argument is an instance of #$SomethingExisting. All instances of #$ActorSlot have #$actors as their #$genlPreds, directly or indirectly, so that the actor slots form a kind of hierarchy. Each specialized actor slot indicates HOW its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., #$inputs, #$outputs, #$doneBy). Actor slots are NOT used to indicate the time of an event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly `involved' in occurrence of the event. Time and other quantities are relevant to events but are not instances of #$SomethingExisting; thus, they are related to events by some non-#$ActorSlot predicate. Things which are remotely related to the event--e.g., someone who is affected by the event but doesn't exist when the event occurs--may be related using some instance of #$Role that does not belong to #$ActorSlot, such as #$affectedAgent. See also #$Role.>, guid = "bd588029-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ActorSlot rel isu PredicateCategory; Address-LocationDesignator ismem Class; Address-LocationDesignator has label = "addresses", comment = <A collection of strings. Each element of #$Address-LocationDesignator is a string that denotes an address. Each string indicates one entire address. For example: `President Bill Clinton, White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC.>, guid = "bd590a18-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Address-LocationDesignator rel isu ObjectType, xor ContactLocation; Adjective ismem Class; Adjective has label = "adjectives", comment = <The collecton of all adjectives. Adjectives are words which can modify nouns. Many adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. Example: `red'.>, guid = "bd588031-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Adjective rel ismem LinguisticObjectType, isu SpeechPart; Administrator ismem Class; Administrator has label = "administrators", comment = <A collection of persons; a subset of #$Professional. Each element of #$Administrator is an employee of an organization who is responsible for managing its organizational affairs. Elements of #$Administrator may or may not also be required to manage people. If so, then they are also #$Managers (q.v.).>, guid = "bd58aedc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Administrator rel isu OccupationType; Admiration ismem Class; Admiration has label = "admiration", comment = <A feeling of strong approval. An intense positive attitude towards another person(s) or group. May be accompanied by emulation. #$Admiration is different than #$Respect (qv). This is a collection --- see #$Happiness for an explanation. Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Admiration are #$Wonder-Admiration, #$Adulation, #$Awe, etc. >, guid = "bd58b20b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Admiration rel isu FeelingAttributeType, iss Respect; AdultAnimal ismem Class; AdultAnimal has label = "adult animals", comment = <The collection of all adult animals (including adult people), meaning all elements of #$Animal that are mature enough to bear offspring, or older.>, guid = "c1006731-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AdultAnimal rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss Animal, xor JuvenileAnimal; AdultFemalePerson ismem Class; AdultFemalePerson has label = "women", comment = <The collection of all women; i.e., #$Persons who are adult and female>, guid = "bd58b1f1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AdultFemalePerson rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss FemalePerson, iss HumanAdult; Adverb ismem Class; Adverb has label = "adverbs", comment = <The collection of all adverbs. Adverbs are words which can modify adverbs, verbs, or adjectives. Many adverbs are morphologically derived from adjectives. Example: `slowly'.>, guid = "bd58802c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Adverb rel ismem LinguisticObjectType, isu SpeechPart; Advertising ismem Class; Advertising has label = "advertising events", comment = <A collection of #$CommunicationAct-Singles. In an #$Advertising event, someone is communicating, to potential customers of an #$Agent, the desire of that agent to do business with those customers (either to `do business' in general or to sell them something specific.>, guid = "c10afc14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Advertising rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss CommunicationAct-Single, iss BusinessEvent; Affection ismem Class; Affection has label = "affection", comment = <A feeling of fondness for someone or something. Sympathy, liking, warmth, tenderness. This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Affection are #$Love, #$Passion, etc.>, guid = "bd58b5c7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Affection rel isu FeelingAttributeType; Afternoon ismem Class; Afternoon has label = "afternoons", comment = <An #$Afternoon is the daily #$Event where the #$Sun moves from its `highest' position in the daily cycle and `sets' or becomes a #$MidnightSun, i.e from noon till #$Sunset or #$MidnightSun. A #$Midday overlaps the start of an #$Afternoon, and an #$Evening is #$contiguousAfter an #$Afternoon (except when there is a #$MidnightSun in which case a #$Morning is contiguously after the #$Afternoon). Each #$Afternoon is #$temporallyFinishedBy a #$Sunset or #$MidnightSun.>, guid = "bd58863a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Afternoon rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss QualitativeTimeOfDay; Agent ismem Class; Agent has label = "agents", comment = <In the #$FunctionalRoleAnalysisMt an #$Agent is defined quite simply as any temporally extended thing that plays one or more functional roles in some #$FunctionalSystem.>, guid = "bd588007-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Agent rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject, iss Agent-Generic, xor Place, xor Surface-Generic, xor EarthStuff, xor FluidTangibleThing, xor TangibleProduct, xor Artifact, xor TextualMaterial, xor AbstractInformationalThing; Agent-Generic ismem Class; Agent-Generic has label = "agent - generic", comment = <#$Agent-Generic is the collection of all agents, or things (like #$Animals, #$Robots, #$DivineBeings, etc.) that have desires and intentions and the presumed ability to act on them. An instance of this collection may be an instance of #$AgentiveArtifact or #$Agent (but not both).>, guid = "bec69a78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Agent-Generic rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss SomethingExisting, iss PartiallyIntangible, xor Artifact-NonAgentive; AgentiveArtifact ismem Class; AgentiveArtifact has label = "agentive artifact", comment = <#$AgentiveArtifact is the collection of all artifacts (created by instances of #$Agent) that commonly possess (at least) the apparent ability to make decisions and commence actions more or less independently of those agents. The distinction here is conventional; a certain functional sophistication possessed by instances of #$Artifact that are 'not really living agents' seems to mirror that possessed by 'living agents'. This sense of agency derives from ability or function the artifact possesses, namely the ability to commence actions, independently of agents, based on some internal calculation or deliberation. Example subcollections include #$Computer, #$Robot, #$TrojanHorseComputerProgram.>, guid = "bfa66fc1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AgentiveArtifact rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss Agent-Generic; AgentiveNoun ismem Class; AgentiveNoun has label = "agentive nouns", comment = <The collection of all nouns in the agentive form. Agentive nouns usually denote the `doer' or `performer' of some action, and often end in `-er' or `-or'. Example: `runner'.>, guid = "bd588033-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AgentiveNoun rel ismem LinguisticObjectType, isu SpeechPart, iss DeVerbalNoun; Agility ismem Class; Agility has label = "agility", comment = <#$Agility is the #$ScriptPerformanceAttributeType for describing actions in which the performer's whole body moves precisely and in a well-coordinated fashion.>, guid = "bd58d302-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Agility rel isu ScriptPerformanceAttributeType, iss ScriptPerformanceAttribute; Agreement ismem Class; Agreement has label = "agreements", comment = <A collection of `objects' with temporal extent. Each element of #$Agreement involves two or more parties, who agree that certain propositions should be true. Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of wealth on the part of one or more of the #$agreeingAgents. Thus, elements of #$Agreement will usually involve some instances of #$Obligation. Note: Elements of #$Agreement and #$Obligation differ, however, in that an #$obligatedAgent is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions in an obligation. In an agreement, some agents may not be responsible for all of the propositions in the agreement being true. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only #$obligatedAgent for the repayment. Note that #$obligatedAgents need not be among the #$agreeingAgents in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation. For example, the Board of Directors of XYZCorporation may agree that some non-director will assume the post and duties of President of XYZCorporation. Moreover, #$agreeingAgents aren't always obligatedAgents; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task. Examples include instances of #$PeaceAccord, #$LegalAgreement, #$InformalAgreement, #$BusinessPartnershipAgreement, #$WorkAgreement, #$SalesAgreement, #$MaintenanceAgreement, #$Reservation, #$Appointment, etc.>, guid = "bd58afa3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Agreement rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss IntangibleExistingThing, iss SupposedToBeMicrotheory, iss PropositionalInformationThing; AgreementNote isu SharedNote; AgreementNote has label = "agreement note", comment = <Elements of #$Agreement (and of its subsets) are #$Microtheory instances containing propositions representing what some number of parties have agreed upon. An #$Agreement may contain a set of #$Obligations on the part of one or more of the parties. An #$Agreement may also be just a set of beliefs that the parties have decided to share. To indicate which propositions are true in an #$Agreement, regardless of whether they are true in reality, use #$ist-Agreement. (#$ist-Agreement AGREEMENT PROP) means that PROP is a #$ELSentence-Assertible expressing something that was agreed upon in AGREEMENT. Other relevant vocabulary: (#$agreeingAgents AGREEMENT AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the parties agreeing to AGREEMENT. (#$subAgreements AGREEMENT1 AGREEMENT2) means that AGREEMENT2 is a part of (is included in) AGREEMENT1. (#$governedByAgreement ACTION AGREEMENT) means that ACTION is governed by the terms of AGREEMENT. (#$agreementForbids AGREEMENT AGENT ACTION-TYPE ROLE) means that AGREEMENT forbids AGENT to play ROLE in elements of ACTION-TYPE. (#$agreementRequires AGREEMENT AGENT ACTION-TYPE ROLE) means that AGREEMENT requires AGENT to play ROLE in at least one element of ACTION-TYPE. (#$agreementPeriod AGREEMENT TIME) means that AGREEMENT is considered to be true during the time period TIME.>, guid = "bd58b208-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AilmentCondition ismem Class; AilmentCondition has label = "ailments", comment = <The most general collection of ailment events; a subset of #$PhysiologicalCondition, and a subset of #$Event. An instance of #$AilmentCondition is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment. Having an ailment is an event: it has temporal aspects, it progresses dynamically, etc., it is not just `being in some static state of un-wellness.' Some subsets of #$AilmentCondition are: #$RespiratoryAilment, #$HeartCondition, #$Cancer, #$MotionSickness, #$Poisoning, #$Infection, #$InjuryCondition. If a particular person suffers from asthma, that is an element of #$AilmentCondition. Each #$AilmentCondition is a state of actual, developed sickness or impairment, rather than the event of getting sick or becoming impaired. Also note that each type of ailment, such as #$Asthma, is the set of all `cases' or `instances' of individuals suffering from that condition.>, guid = "c10c1856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AilmentCondition rel isu PhysiologicalConditionType, iss PhysiologicalCondition; Air ismem Class; Air has label = "air", comment = <A collection of tangibles; a subset of #$GaseousTangibleThing. Each element of #$Air is one `piece' among all the portions of the atmosphere of the Earth, considered as a substance present in various places, in various quantities, under various pressures, etc. Examples: the AirInAustin; the stuffy air in my office; the thin air atop Annapurna. See also #$TheAtmosphereQuaSinglePieceOfStuff, which is all ambient #$Air on the planet taken as a single object.>, guid = "bd58c00c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Air rel isu TangibleStuffStateType, iss Mixture, iss GaseousTangibleThing; AirForce ismem Class; AirForce has label = "air forces", comment = <A collection of military organizations. An element of #$AirForce is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of airborne forces: bombers, fighters, torpedo planes, parachute troops, surveillance aircraft, etc., and having the function of defending or attacking air space, ships, or ground targets.>, guid = "c10c1acc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirForce rel ismem Class, isu ExistingObjectType; AirForcePersonnel ismem Class; AirForcePersonnel has label = "air force people", comment = <A collection of people, a subset of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is somebody who works for an #$AirForce.>, guid = "bd58a7cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirForcePersonnel rel isu OccupationType, iss MilitaryPerson; AirRespiration ismem Class; AirRespiration has label = "air respiration", comment = <A collection of activities constituting a natural #$PhysiologicalFunction; #$AirRespiration is the collection of all #$Respiration events in which an organism trades some of the carbon dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere.>, guid = "bd58bdb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirRespiration rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss Respiration; AirTransportationDevice ismem Class; AirTransportationDevice has label = "aircraft", comment = <In the #$ModernMilitaryVehiclesMt, #$AirTransportationDevice parallels the military concept of 'air platform'; namely, an air vehicle commonly used in military operations to transport weapons, goods, or personnel by air.>, guid = "bd58ae50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirTransportationDevice rel isu ExistingObjectType, isu ProductType, iss TransportationDevice; AirlineCompany ismem Class; AirlineCompany has label = "airlines", comment = <The collection of all air transportation companies. An element of #$AirlineCompany is a #$TransportationCompany that operates airplanes to transport goods or people in exchange for money.>, guid = "bd58aaee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirlineCompany rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss CommercialServiceOrganization, iss Business; Airplane ismem Class; Airplane has label = "airplanes", comment = <The collection of all heavier-than-air, self-powered flying machines (excluding cruise missiles) that get their lift while flying from #$AirplaneWings. Thus, #$Helicopters are excluded because the lift is caused by rotors. A borderline case are planes that take-off vertically, using a turbojet engine, so initially the lift is not due to their wings. In flight, however, such planes will need their wings to stay up in the air.>, guid = "bd58828b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Airplane rel isu ProductType, isu ExistingObjectType; AirplaneRunway ismem Class; AirplaneRunway has label = "runways", comment = <An airstrip, at an airport, on an aircraft carrier, or in some field, upon which airplanes taxi, take off, and land.>, guid = "bd58910e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirplaneRunway rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss PathForWheeledVehicles; Airport-Physical ismem Class; Airport-Physical has label = "airports", comment = <The collection of all airfields, where airplanes take off and land. An #$Airport-Physical definitely has a runway, may or may not have any other buildings. If it's the grounds of an #$AirportOrganization, some of those other features will be present.>, guid = "bd58feaf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Airport-Physical rel isu ExistingObjectType; AirportOrganization ismem Class; AirportOrganization has label = "airports", comment = <A collection of organizations. An element of #$AirportOrganization is an organization that manages and controls particular airports and their appurtenant facilities; e.g., #$LaGuardiaAirport-Organization.>, guid = "bd589fbc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AirportOrganization rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss Organization; Alertness ismem Class; Alertness has label = "alertness", comment = <#$Alertness is an #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute which specifies how sleepy or alert an animal is. Levels of #$Alertness include #$Asleep, #$Sleepy, and #$Awake.>, guid = "bd58a532-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Alertness rel iss AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute, iss ScalarInterval; AllergicReaction ismem Class; AllergicReaction has label = "allergic reactions", comment = <A collection of dynamic, physiological states. An instance of #$AllergicReaction is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance. Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., #$PoisonIvyPoisoning in humans. But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin. This concept is the set of events in which allergic reactions are `taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as `John is allergic to milk.' I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an element of #$AllergicReaction.>, guid = "c0fd6b2f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AllergicReaction rel isu PhysiologicalConditionType, iss AilmentCondition; Always-TimeInterval isu TimeInterval; Always-TimeInterval has label = "forever", comment = <The interval of time which encompasses all time. In more general MTs we remain agnostic as to whether this time interval has either a beginning or an end, but if it does, #$Always-TimeInterval begins when time itself begins and ends only when time ends completely. Every other instance of #$TimeInterval is a #$timeSlices of #$Always-TimeInterval. >, guid = "c0ea3419-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Ambulance ismem Class; Ambulance has label = "ambulances", comment = <The collection of all RoadVehicles that are equipped primarily for transporting wounded, injured or sick persons.>, guid = "bd588cd2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Ambulance rel isu ProductType, isu ExistingObjectType, iss RoadVehicle; Amphibian ismem Class; Amphibian has label = "amphibians", comment = <The collection of all #$Organism-Wholes which are members of the #$BiologicalClass Amphibia, being a specialization of #$Vertebrate. Members of this class are smooth skinned #$Vertebrates which hatch from eggs to form aquatic larvae [see #$Larva]. These larvae metamorphose into an air-breathing adult [see AirBreathingVertebrate] (normally) having #$Lungs. Subsets of this collection include #$Frogs and #$Salamanders.>, guid = "bd58e024-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Amphibian rel isu BiologicalClass, isu OrganismClassificationType, iss Vertebrate, iss NonPersonAnimal; AnatomicalVessel ismem Class; AnatomicalVessel has label = "anatomical vessel", comment = <The collection of all anatomical vessels in #$Animals. Instances of this collection are tubular animal tissue which acts as a conduit for body fluids or substances passing into or out of the body.>, guid = "be425bb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnatomicalVessel rel isu AnimalBodyPartType, iss Pipe-GenericConduit, iss AnimalBodyPart, iss CordlikeObject; Anesthesia ismem Class; Anesthesia has label = "anesthesia", comment = <A collection of events; a subset of #$DrugTherapy (q.v.). In an instance of #$Anesthesia, a #$BiologicalLivingObject undergoes the effect of some instance of #$Anesthetic, the effect of which is to eliminate the perception of pain. #$Anesthesia events occur in connection with other medical care events, so that a patient will not feel the pain or discomfort that would otherwise be associated with those medical procedures. #$Anesthetics are of various chemical kinds, work in various ways, and can be administered in various ways. They may topically numb an area, they may poison the central nervous system to the point where the animal loses consciousness, etc. The resulting anesthetic therapies thus may differ, according to the type of anesthetic used; for example, the patient may or may not be conscious during an instance of #$Anesthesia. See also #$AdministeringADrug.>, guid = "c0fd53a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Anesthesia rel ismem Class, iss DrugTherapy; Anger ismem Class; Anger has label = "outrages", comment = <Intense feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism. This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. Some more specialized #$FeelingAttributeTypes than #$Anger include #$Belligerence, etc.>, guid = "bd58c448-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Anger rel isu FeelingAttributeType, iss Frustration; Angle ismem Class; Angle has label = "angles", comment = <A subset of #$GeometricThing. Each element of #$Angle is formed by two lines diverging from the same point or two surfaces diverging from the same line. Examples include spatially localized objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two walls, and abstract objects, such as the angle formed by the intersection of two (abstract) lines.>, guid = "bd61bd87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Angle rel isu GenericShapeType, iss GeometricThing; AngularAccelerationRate ismem Class; AngularAccelerationRate has label = "angular acceleration rate", comment = <#$AngularAccelerationRate is the rate at which the #$RateOfRotation of an object changes.It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as radians per second per second.>, guid = "bd59080e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AngularAccelerationRate rel isu MeasurableAttributeType, isu AttributeType, isu DerivedNumericAttributeType, iss ScalarInterval, iss PhysicalAttribute; Animal ismem Class; Animal has label = "animals", comment = <The collection of all animals; this large class of organisms is one instance of #$BiologicalKingdom. Animals are typically motile, living, whole organisms; they are elements of #$Heterotroph, incapable of performing instances of #$Photosynthesis. Animal cells contain cholesterol and lack cell walls made of cellulose. #$Person is a subset of #$Animal; see also #$NonPersonAnimal.>, guid = "bd58b031-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Animal rel isu BiologicalKingdom, isu OrganismClassificationType, iss PerceptualAgent, iss AnimalBLO, iss Organism-Whole, iss Agent, iss SolidTangibleThing, xor VegetableMatter, xor Plant, xor DeadAnimal; AnimalActivity ismem Class; AnimalActivity has label = "activities", comment = <A collection of events. Each element of #$AnimalActivity is an action whose performer(s) (see #$doneBy) belong to the collection #$Animal.>, guid = "bd588daa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalActivity rel isu TemporalStuffType, iss Action; AnimalBLO ismem Class; AnimalBLO has label = "animal body parts", comment = <The subset of #$BiologicalLivingObject which includes all the elements of #$Animal and of #$AnimalBodyPart and #$AnimalBodyRegion.>, guid = "c0fe0761-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalBLO rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss BiologicalLivingObject; AnimalBodyPart ismem Class; AnimalBodyPart has label = "body parts", comment = <The collection of all the anatomical parts and physical regions of all living animals; a subset of #$OrganismPart. Each element of #$AnimalBodyPart is a piece of some live animal and thus is itself an instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject. #$AnimalBodyPart includes both highly localized organs (e.g., hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as its circulatory system and nervous system). By default, all elements of #$AnimalBodyPart are considered a part (see #$anatomicalParts) of some instance of #$Animal. However, there are exceptional cases, e.g., a severed limb, hair which has fallen out, detached parts of dead animals, blood which has poured out of a body.>, guid = "bd58801c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalBodyPart rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss AnimalBodyRegion, xor PlantPart; AnimalBodyPartType ismem Class; AnimalBodyPartType has label = "animal body part type", comment = <The collection of all the types of #$AnimalBodyParts. An #$AnimalBodyPartType is a characterization of body parts by structure and/or function. Some elements of this collection include #$SpinalColumn, #$Eyelash, #$NervousSystem, #$Urethra, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, #$HeelOfPalm, etc. As can be seen from those examples, #$AnimalBodyPartType is not organized along species/order/class/phylum/... taxonomic lines.>, guid = "bd58e7da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalBodyPartType rel ismem CollectionType, isu SiblingDisjointCollection; AnimalBodyRegion ismem Class; AnimalBodyRegion has label = "animal body region", comment = <The set of parts of an animal's body that one might point to, operate on, photograph, transplant, etc. So this is a collection of (conceptual) spatial subdivisions of the bodies of #$Animals, generally contiguous and having some more or less clear boundary. Some elements of this collections are Einstein's head, #$SantasBeard, and Babe Ruth's right arm. Other elements of this set are what might be considered unhealthy body regions, such as a blister, a puncture wound, a bruise, etc. -- but those are still clearly a part of an animal's body, can be pointed to, photographed, bandaged up, etc. Note that this concept is quite different from an animal body `system' (such as the lymph system, the nervous system, etc.) which comprises a small portion of an animal's total mass but is distributed throughout the animal's body -- see #$AnimalBodyPart. (At the naive, commonsense level of physiology, and for almost all purposes, it is perfectly acceptable to conceptualize Santa's beard as one #$AnimalBodyRegion, and the same for Farrah Fawcett's hair, etc. A borderline case of this is: Cher's fingernails. In some contexts, one would treat those as an #$AnimalBodyRegion, and in other contexts one would treat them as ten separate #$AnimalBodyRegions.)>, guid = "bd5adaa1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalBodyRegion rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss OrganismPart, iss AnimalBLO; AnimalMigration ismem Class; AnimalMigration has label = "migrations", comment = <The collection of regular, species-linked movements of an animal or group of animals from one place to another, usually with a return to the starting point after a certain period of time. In some species, the migration cycle occurs once in a lifetime, while others migrate annually on a seasonal basis. Migration is typically linked with an animal's reproductive cycle (as in salmon), but may also involve seasonal relocation to a more hospitable climate and/or more plentiful food supply. For example, many birds exhibit seasonal migration; e.g., native Northeastern U.S. birds that spend their winters in the Southern U.S.>, guid = "c1009284-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalMigration rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss Translation-RoundTrip, iss LocomotionEvent-Animal; AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute ismem Class; AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute has label = "physiological attributes of animals", comment = <The broadest collection of attributes of #$Animals that describe the physiological aspects of an animal, including its physiological (1) capacities, (2) conditions, and (3) states. Examples include: (1) Capacities: #$Fertile, #$HearingImpaired, #$Paraplegic; (2) Conditions: #$Anemic, #$AthleticPhysicalBuild; (3) States: #$Intoxicated, #$Injured, #$Inflamed. #$PlantPhysiologicalAttributes, such as #$InBloom, are excluded.>, guid = "bd58a577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute rel isu AttributeType, iss PhysiologicalAttribute; AnimalSound ismem Class; AnimalSound has label = "animal sounds", comment = <A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of #$InformationBearingWavePropagation. Each element of #$AnimalSound is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording). For example, instances of #$Birdsong, #$NeighingSound, #$PurringSound, #$BarkingSound, #$BrayingSound. Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; i.e., #$AnimalSound does NOT include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument.>, guid = "bd620dbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalSound rel isu TemporalStuffType, iss AudibleSound, iss InformationBearingWavePropagation; AnimalWalkingProcess ismem Class; AnimalWalkingProcess has label = "animal walking processes", comment = <The collection of instances of #$Walking-Generic in which the #$locomotor is an #$Animal.>, guid = "bd58d77d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnimalWalkingProcess rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu ObjectType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss SimpleWholeBodyMovement, iss SingleDoerAction, iss LocomotionProcess-Animal; AnnualClimateCycle ismem Class; AnnualClimateCycle has label = "climates", comment = <A collection of events. Each element of #$AnnualClimateCycle is an extended event, one year in length, which encompasses #$subEvents describing the changing of the seasons. Subsets include #$TemperateClimateCycle, #$HumidSubtropicalClimateCycle, etc. See also the comments on #$ClimateCycleType, #$hasClimateType.>, guid = "bd5901a2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnnualClimateCycle rel ismem Class, iss WeatherEvent, xor ImmediateWeatherProcess; AnnualEventType ismem Class; AnnualEventType has label = "annual event type", comment = <A collection of collections. The instances of an element of #$AnnualEventType are synchronized with the calendar. If ?X is an #$AnnualEventType, then one occurs each year. For example, #$ChristmasHoliday is an #$AnnualEventType, because one occurs each year, synchronized with the calendar.>, guid = "be1ed0b5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AnnualEventType rel ismem CollectionType, ismem Class, iss TemporallyDisjointIntervalType; AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate ismem Class; AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate has label = "anti symmetric binary predicate", comment = <A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements represent antisymmetric relations. A predicate F is an element of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, if both (F X Y) and (F Y X) hold, then X=Y, for every X,Y within the domain and range of F. For example, #$greaterThanOrEqualTo, #$compatibleBloodTypes. Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument. See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.>, guid = "bdc9fb94-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu PredicateCategory, iss Property; AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate ismem Class; AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate has label = "anti transitive binary predicate", comment = <A collection of predicates; the subset of #$BinaryPredicate whose elements represent anti-transitive relations. A predicate F is an element of #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, for every X,Y,Z in the domain of F, (#$not (#$and (F X Y)(F Y Z)(F X Z))). Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument. See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.>, guid = "bf8bdc58-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AntiTransitiveBinaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu PredicateCategory, iss IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate; Anticipation-Feeling ismem Class; Anticipation-Feeling has label = "expectancies", comment = <Emotion accompanying an expectation of something pleasant in the foreseeable future. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness. >, guid = "bd58cefc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Anticipation-Feeling rel isu FeelingAttributeType, iss FeelingAttribute; Apathy ismem Class; Apathy has label = "apathy", comment = <A lack of interest or concern. If someone is feeling some measure of #$Apathy, then they typically will have little or no response to things normally expected to excite emotion or interest. This is a #$Collection --- for an explanation of that, see #$Happiness. A related #$FeelingAttributeType is #$Boredom.>, guid = "bd5893b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Apathy rel isu FeelingAttributeType, iss FeelingAttribute; Appendage-AnimalBodyPart ismem Class; Appendage-AnimalBodyPart has label = "appendages", comment = <The collection of all appendages of #$Animals. An appendage is an #$AnimalBodyPart that is connected to, and extends from, the animal's #$Torso (or else from another of its appendages, such as a hand extending from an arm). Each appendage is used by the #$Animal for one or more functions; altogether, appendages serve a wide variety of functions such as locomotion, manipulation, sensing, fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, balance, etc. Appendages are not crucial for the life of the animal, thus a #$Neck-AnimalBodyPart or #$Head-AnimalBodyPart is not considered to be an appendage.>, guid = "bd5882f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Appendage-AnimalBodyPart rel isu ExistingObjectType, isu AnimalBodyPartType, iss AnimalBodyPart, iss BiologicalLivingObject; AppropriatingSomething ismem Class; AppropriatingSomething has label = "appropriations", comment = <A collection of events; a subset of #$TakingSomething and of #$GainingUserRights. In an instance of #$AppropriatingSomething, an #$Agent takes something that no one else has user rights over, such as air for breathing, or some object which at that time belongs to no one (e.g.,a dime lying in the street). Note: The English verb `appropriate' can also mean to take something away from someone else, against their will and wrongfully, but that is not what is meant here. For that, see #$Stealing-Generic.>, guid = "bd58eea3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AppropriatingSomething rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss TakingSomething, xor TransferringPossession; Approval ismem Class; Approval has label = "sanctions", comment = <The emotion of viewing positively a state of affairs or other agent's actions. This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical #$FeelingAttributeType, see #$Happiness.>, guid = "be00bc14-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Approval rel isu FeelingAttributeType, iss Satisfaction; April ismem Class; April has label = "April", comment = <The collection of all Aprils, the fourth month of the year in the #$JulianCalendar.>, guid = "bd58c279-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; April rel isu MonthOfYearType, ismem CoreConstant, iss CalendarMonth; AquaticOrganism ismem Class; AquaticOrganism has label = "aquatic organisms", comment = <The collection of organisms adapted to life underwater, which spend all or most of their time immersed in water. This includes the elements of #$Fish, also many instances of #$Mollusk, #$SeaMammal, etc.>, guid = "bd589715-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AquaticOrganism rel isu OrganismTypeByHabitat, iss Organism-Whole; ArabicLanguage isu NaturalLanguage; ArabicLanguage has label = "Arabic", comment = <A Semitic language spoken by a large number of people in North Africa and the Middle East.>, guid = "bd588730-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArcShaped isu ShapeAttribute; ArcShaped has label = "arc shaped", comment = <The instance of #$ShapeAttribute held by those things whose shape is described with the arc of some segment of a circle. For instance, a section of the equator would be described as arc shaped.>, guid = "c007e4fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Area ismem Class; Area has label = "areas", comment = <A collection of physical attributes. Each element of #$Area is an amount of two-dimensional space, i.e., a surface. Elements of #$Area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot. See #$UnitOfArea for the units used by Cyc to measure areas.>, guid = "bd58c301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Area rel isu DerivedNumericAttributeType, iss PhysicalAttribute, iss ScalarInterval; ArgGenlAttributeBinaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgGenlAttributeBinaryPredicate has label = "arg genl attribute binary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$ArgTypeBinaryPredicate and #$ArgGenlAttributePredicate used to specify the required attribute of an argument of #$Relation. Each instance PRED of this collection is a binary predicate with the following properties: ARG1 is an instance of #$Relation, and ARG2 is an instance of #$AttributeValue. (PRED ARG1 ARG2) means that some argument of ARG1 is constrained to be a spec attribute of ARG2, where PRED determines the argument place in question.>, guid = "c0aa7393-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgGenlAttributeBinaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu RelationshipType, isu PredicateCategory, iss ArgTypeBinaryPredicate; ArgGenlAttributeTernaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgGenlAttributeTernaryPredicate has label = "arg genl attribute ternary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$ArgTypeTernaryPredicate and #$ArgGenlAttributePredicate used to specify the required #$genlAttributes of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the Relation; the arg2 is the argument constrained; the arg3 is the required #$genlAttributes #$AttributeValue.>, guid = "bf4fcfa6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgGenlAttributeTernaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu RelationshipType, isu PredicateCategory, iss ArgTypeTernaryPredicate; ArgGenlBinaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgGenlBinaryPredicate has label = "arg genl binary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$BinaryPredicate and #$ArgGenlPredicate used to specify the required #$genls of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the #$Relation; the arg2 is the required #$genls #$Collection.>, guid = "bf1eedc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgGenlBinaryPredicate rel isu PredicateCategory, isu RelationshipType, ismem CoreConstant, iss ArgTypeBinaryPredicate; ArgGenlTernaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgGenlTernaryPredicate has label = "arg genl ternary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$TernaryPredicate and #$ArgGenlPredicate used to specify the required #$genls of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the Relation; the arg2 is the argument constrained; the arg3 is the required #$genls #$Collection.>, guid = "bd97e378-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgGenlTernaryPredicate rel isu PredicateCategory, isu RelationshipType, ismem CoreConstant, iss ArgTypeTernaryPredicate, iss TernaryPredicate; ArgIsaBinaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgIsaBinaryPredicate has label = "arg isa binary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$BinaryPredicate and #$ArgIsaPredicate used to specify the required #$isa of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the #$Relation; the arg2 is the required #$isa #$Collection.>, guid = "bfa4fe8c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgIsaBinaryPredicate rel isu PredicateCategory, isu RelationshipType, ismem CoreConstant, iss ArgTypeBinaryPredicate; ArgIsaTernaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgIsaTernaryPredicate has label = "arg isa ternary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$TernaryPredicate and #$ArgIsaPredicate used to specify the required #$isa of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the #$Relation; the arg2 is the argument constrained; the arg3 is the required #$isa #$Collection.>, guid = "bfedab5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgIsaTernaryPredicate rel isu PredicateCategory, isu RelationshipType, ismem CoreConstant, iss ArgTypeTernaryPredicate, iss TernaryPredicate; ArgTypeBinaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgTypeBinaryPredicate has label = "arg type binary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$BinaryPredicate and #$ArgTypePredicate used to specify the required #$isa or #$genls or #$genlAttributes of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the #$Relation; the arg2 is the required type, a #$Collection or #$AttributeValue.>, guid = "beb5aba2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgTypeBinaryPredicate rel isu RelationshipType, ismem CoreConstant, isu PredicateCategory, iss Property; ArgTypeTernaryPredicate ismem Class; ArgTypeTernaryPredicate has label = "arg type ternary predicate", comment = <Those instances of both #$TernaryPredicate and #$ArgTypePredicate used to specify the required #$isa or #$genls or #$genlAttributes of an argument of a #$Relation; the arg1 is the Relation; the arg2 is the argument constrained; the arg3 is the required type: a #$Collection or an #$AttributeValue.>, guid = "c00a42b9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArgTypeTernaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu RelationshipType, isu PredicateCategory, iss TernaryPredicate; ArgumentTypeChecking-FORTSvsNonReifiedNATS isu SharedNote; ArgumentTypeChecking-FORTSvsNonReifiedNATS has label = "argument type checking - f o r t svs non reified n at s", comment = <Arg-type checking imposes somewhat weaker constraints on non-reified function terms than it does for forts (first order reified terms). Specifically, non-reified terms are required only to be consistent with arg-isa and arg-genls constraints using disjointness reasoning constraint is satisfied when no disjointness violation can be found. This is significantly weaker than the constraints imposed on forts: forts must provably satisfy applicable arg-isa and arg-genl constraints using isa and genls reasoning.>, guid = "bd6bae41-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Arm ismem Class; Arm has label = "arms", comment = <The collection of all animal arms. An #$Arm of an animal is one of its #$AnimalBodyParts, more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion. A #$Hand is considered part of an #$Arm.>, guid = "bd58e9e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Arm rel isu SymmetricAnatomicalPartType, isu AnimalBodyPartType, iss BiologicalLivingObject; ArmMovement ismem Class; ArmMovement has label = "arm movement", comment = <The collection of any movements of an arm that are generated by the #$Animal whose arm it is, through nerve impulses to the arm. Physically, an #$ArmMovement involves movement of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the body to which it is attached.>, guid = "bd58a69d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArmMovement rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss BodyMovementEvent; Army-BranchOfService ismem Class; Army-BranchOfService has label = "regular armies", comment = <The collection of all modern nation-states' armies (the whole branch of service). This sense of 'army' is different from an 'Army' or 'Army Group' in the sense of a military unit. It is customary to refer to very large military units in the fields as 'armies', e.g. the American 5th Army in the European Theater in WWII. This is not the sense being referred to here--'the Army' itself is intended.>, guid = "bf6e8301-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Army-BranchOfService rel ismem Class, isu ExistingObjectType, xor Navy; ArmyPersonnel ismem Class; ArmyPersonnel has label = "army people", comment = <A collection of people, a subset of #$MilitaryPerson. Each element of this collection is somebody who works for an #$Army-BranchOfSevice.>, guid = "bd58eecc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArmyPersonnel rel isu OccupationType, iss Soldier; ArrestingSomeone ismem Class; ArrestingSomeone has label = "arrests", comment = <A collection of events. In an instance of #$ArrestingSomeone, a law enforcement officer arrests another person, who is thereupon taken into custody (#$HeldCaptive).>, guid = "bd66906e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArrestingSomeone rel isu TemporalObjectType, iss CapturingAnimal; ArtObject ismem Class; ArtObject has label = "works of art", comment = <A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs). Each element of #$ArtObject is a tangible object that is a work, or a reproduction of a work, in one of the representational or plastic arts, such as a painting, sculpture, ceramic piece, quilt, stained glass composition, etc. #$ArtObject does NOT include plays, movies, music, performance art, or other activities. #$ArtObject is a subset of #$InformationBearingObject, but its elements need not have propositional content, although they may. Examples of #$ArtObject: the #$StatueOfLiberty, the Mona Lisa, a poster reproduction of Van Gogh's `Starry Night', Rodin's `Burghers of Calais', a piece of Ju ware from the Sung Dynasty, the windows of Chartres Cathedral, a series of prints by Picasso.>, guid = "bd58c7b8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArtObject rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject, iss Artifact, iss PartiallyTangibleProduct, iss VisualInformationSource; Arthropod ismem Class; Arthropod has label = "arthropods", comment = <An instance of #$BiologicalPhylum whose #$taxonMembers include (mostly) the numerous collections of chitin-armored invertebrates that have jointed bodies and limbs, e.g., insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.>, guid = "bd58b048-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Arthropod rel isu BiologicalPhylum, isu OrganismClassificationType, iss Animal, iss Invertebrate; Artifact ismem Class; Artifact has label = "artifacts", comment = <A collection of tangible things. An instance of #$Artifact is a tangible which was more or less intentionally created by an #$Agent (or a group of #$Agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function. By `created', we don't require that the matter itself be created, it is often just the result of some sort of assemblage or modification process, such as a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold, etc. Let's consider some positive and negative examples. In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), this collection includes certain sorts of things made by #$Animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams. Something which just barely squeaks through the intended meaning of this concept is #$YaleUniversity. In addition to the abstract legal entity, it consists of a set of physical buildings, furnishings, etc. By contrast, an organization that had no headquarters building, equipment, tangible property, etc. would not be an artifact. Similarly, a fictional character such as Tom Sawyer is not an artifact (in the context of the story, Tom is not an artifact because he is a real boy; in the context of the real world, Tom is not an artifact because he has no tangible component whatsoever.) While some artifacts may be alive, or contain living subparts, we do not intend this collection to encompass all organisms which resulted from normal biological reproductive processes. Your child is not an artifact. If you do an oil painting of a house that is an artifact, but much more borderline is what you get if you take a rock and just paint it a solid color, say white. In general that won't be an artifact unless it serves some purpose, such as marking the shoulder of a roadway, but more questionable cases are if the purpose of the white rock is just `to be sold as art' or `to look pretty.' The white rock might thus be an artifact in certain contexts, but not in others. Not every instance of #$Path-Generic (q.v.) is necessarily an instance of #$Artifact. For example, some channels used for navigation may not be artifacts, because even though they are marked with human artifacts (i.e., channel markers) as locations where ships may safely travel, the channel itself may have been a naturally occurring pre-existing thing -- e.g., the #$EnglishChannel. If a #$ChannelOrStrait were produced or maintained only by constant dredging, it might count as an artifact. By contrast, each #$Canal, such as #$SuezCanal, is almost certain to be an #$Artifact. See also #$Product.>, guid = "bd5907fd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Artifact rel ismem Class, xor Individual, xor Agent; Artifact-NonAgentive ismem Class; Artifact-NonAgentive has label = "artifact - non agentive", comment = <#$Artifact-NonAgentive is the collection of all artifacts that in no plausible, literal sense may be considered to have a kind of agency in ordinary, non-fictional, straightforward contexts -- i.e. they are not instances of #$Agent-Generic. (Exceptions within metaphorical, fanciful, or fictional context could supersede membership in this collection: when someone says, 'My hairdryer hates me', the hairdryer would not be an instance of #$Artifact-NonAgentive in that special context.) Example subcollections: #$StoneStuff, #$Air, #$Tooth, #$Caffeine. #$AgentiveArtifacts like #$Robots are excluded.>, guid = "bd8e4b86-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Artifact-NonAgentive rel isu ExistingObjectType, xor BiologicalLivingObject, xor Agent-Generic; ArtificialMaterial ismem Class; ArtificialMaterial has label = "artificial substances", comment = <A collection of substances; a subset of #$Artifact. An instance of #$ArtificialMaterial is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as #$Plastic or #$SweetNLow. Since #$ArtificialMaterials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely #$byProducts or #$wasteProducts of an intentional process. However, what is a byproduct at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of #$ArtificialMaterial in another.>, guid = "bd590222-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; ArtificialMaterial rel isu ExistingStuffType, iss Artifact, xor NaturalTangibleStuff; Asleep isu Alertness; Asleep has label = "asleep", comment = <#$Asleep is the #$Alertness attribute of being asleep. #$Asleep is a specialization of #$Unconscious. (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1776) (#$alertnessLevel RipVanWinkle #$Asleep)).>, guid = "bd58a6ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AssociativeRelation ismem Class; AssociativeRelation has label = "associative relation", comment = <An important subset of #$Relation. Each element RELN of #$AssociativeRelation is a relationship such that the expressions (RELN A (RELN B C)) and (RELN (RELN A B) C) both have the same value or meaning; e.g., #$PlusFn, #$TimesFn, #$or, #$and. More generally, the truth of an asserted associative relation is unaffected by any change from one well-formed parenthesization of its use (on a given sequence of arguments) to another.>, guid = "c14862c2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AssociativeRelation rel ismem CoreConstant, isu RelationshipType, iss Relation; AstronomicalObject ismem Class; AstronomicalObject has label = "astronomical objects", comment = <A collection of tangibles. Each element of #$AstronomicalObject is an object of interest to astronomers, which includes the Earth along with other objects in outer space. Some, but not all, elements of #$AstronomicalObject belong to #$CelestialObject, the collection of heavenly bodies visible from earth. Examples: #$Polaris-TheStar, the #$Sun, #$PlanetSaturn. See also: #$HeavenlyBody.>, guid = "bd58d178-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AstronomicalObject rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss TangibleThing, iss InanimateObject-Natural; AsymmetricBinaryPredicate ismem Class; AsymmetricBinaryPredicate has label = "asymmetric binary predicate", comment = <A collection of predicates; the subset of #$AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate whose elements represent asymmetric relations. A predicate F is an element of #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and (F X Y) implies (#$not (F Y X)). For example, #$northOf, #$children, #$greaterThan, #$overrides. Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument. See also #$NoteOnArgumentTypingAndPropertiesOfRelations.>, guid = "bd6561fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AsymmetricBinaryPredicate rel ismem CoreConstant, isu PredicateCategory, iss IrreflexiveBinaryPredicate, iss AntiSymmetricBinaryPredicate, xor SymmetricBinaryPredicate; AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent ismem Class; AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent has label = "mental events", comment = <A collection of events. Each event that is an instance of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent has an actor or group of actors (see #$actors) whose mental functions are involved. The collection includes such things as dreaming, perceiving, sensing, theorizing about something, having a realization, making a decision, building, designing something, and consciously carrying out a task. Some of those examples are actions as well as events (see #$doneBy or #$performedBy). Note that the above list includes both purposeful events and non-purposeful events that involve mental functions. Note also that any event that has a mental component is also an instance of this collection so that events like preparing lunch would be classified as instances of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. It is almost always possible and preferable to use one of the specs of #$AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent. If an event seems mostly mental in nature, modulo neurons firing and related brain activity, use #$StrictlyMentalEvent or one of its specs. If it essentially involves both mental and physical activity, see #$CompositePhysicalAndMentalEvent or #$PurposefulCompositePhysicalAndMentalActivity. For mental events that are intentionally and purposefully performed, see the subset #$PurposefulMentalActivity.>, guid = "bd588615-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent rel isu TemporalStuffType, iss AnimalActivity, iss Event; Athlete ismem Class; Athlete has label = "athletes", comment = <A collection of persons. Each element of #$Athlete is a person who trains to compete in contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength. In the #$JobMt, #$Athlete is a subset of #$Professional (q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the collection of professional athletes.>, guid = "bd58befb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Athlete rel isu PersonByActivityType, isu OccupationType, iss Person; AthleticActivity ismem Class; AthleticActivity has label = "athletic activities", comment = <Any athletic activity, i.e. one which involves physical exertion and tends to require strength and stamina. Not just limited to competitive sports events. Also includes spelunking, or going for a jog, or shooting a few hoops.>, guid = "be01fe5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AthleticActivity rel ismem Class, iss HumanActivity, iss PurposefulAction, iss PhysicalEvent; AtlanticOcean isu InternationalWaters; AtlanticOcean has label = "the Atlantic Ocean", comment = <The main body of salt water primarily in the #$WesternHemisphere-Region, bordering on five #$Continents (or three #$TrueContinents -- Western coasts of Europe and Africa, Antarctica, Eastern coasts of North and South America).>, guid = "bd5901d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Atom ismem Class; Atom has label = "atoms", comment = <A collection of microscopic-scale objects. Each instance of #$Atom has one atomic nucleus and some number of electrons. As a default, we assume that an instance of #$Atom has no net charge, i.e., that it has as many instances of #$Electrons as it does of #$Protons in its #$AtomicNucleus; but note there are exceptions, e.g., those which are instances of #$Ion.>, guid = "bd5891ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Atom rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss ChemicalObject; AtomicNucleus ismem Class; AtomicNucleus has label = "nuclei", comment = <A collection of objects; a subset of #$MicroscopicScaleObject. Each instance of #$AtomicNucleus is an object composed of some definite number of instances of #$Proton and some definite number of instances of #$Neutron. Instances of the collection #$Atom are each composed of one member of #$AtomicNucleus and some number of electrons.>, guid = "bd58a3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AtomicNucleus rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss MicroscopicScaleObject; AttributeType ismem Class; AttributeType has label = "attribute type", comment = <A collection of collections. Each element of #$AttributeType is a collection of attributes. Each element of #$AttributeType is a subset of #$AttributeValue (q.v.). Examples include #$SensoryAttribute, #$BodyPartPosition, #$OrientationAttribute, #$SecurityClearanceLevel, #$ComputerVideoResolution, #$ForceVector, and many more.>, guid = "bd590364-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AttributeType rel ismem CollectionType, ismem Class, iss ObjectType, xor AttributeValue; AttributeValue ismem Class; AttributeValue has label = "attributes", comment = <The set of all attributes represented in Cyc. #$AttributeValue includes quantities, such as 5 inches (i.e., (#$Inch 5)) or 1000 dollars per year (i.e., (#$DollarsPerYear 1000)), as well as qualities like #$Hilly, #$Rough, #$DeviceOn, etc., which can be used to make assertions about the state of some tangible object.>, guid = "bd5880c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AttributeValue rel isu AttributeType, ismem CoreConstant, iss IntangibleIndividual, xor Relation, xor Proposition, xor Class, xor AttributeType, xor Microtheory, xor TemporalThing, xor Language, xor SpatialThing; AudibleSound ismem Class; AudibleSound has label = "sounds", comment = <A collection of events; a subset of #$Sound. Each element of #$AudibleSound is a sound within the #$Frequency range of human hearing.>, guid = "bd5906fc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AudibleSound rel isu WavePropagationType, iss WavePropagation, iss Sound; AudioCommunicating ismem Class; AudioCommunicating has label = "audio-communicating events", comment = <A collection of information transfer events; a subset of #$Communicating. Each element of #$AudioCommunicating is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents; e.g., talking, clapping, or performing music.>, guid = "bd58c907-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AudioCommunicating rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss Communicating; August ismem Class; August has label = "August", comment = <The collection of all Augusts, the eighth month of the year in the #$JulianCalendar.>, guid = "bd58c170-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; August rel isu MonthOfYearType, ismem CoreConstant, iss CalendarMonth; Australia isu Country; Australia has label = "Australia", comment = <Australia, the country that occupies the #$ContinentOfAustralia (and also #$TasmaniaIslandAustralia) dividing the eastern #$IndianOcean from the southwestern #$PacificOcean. In the #$DualistGeopoliticalMt, this constant includes both physical and political aspects of Australia.>, guid = "bd5894b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AuthorizedAgreement ismem Class; AuthorizedAgreement has label = "authorized agreements", comment = <The collection of generic agreements that are authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement). #$AuthorizedAgreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an #$AuthorizedAgreement is typically given a unique identification number. Examples: bank accounts, driver's licenses, stock certificates.>, guid = "bd58b01c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AuthorizedAgreement rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss Agreement; AutoDealership ismem Class; AutoDealership has label = "car dealerships", comment = <Each instance is an establishment (an organization located at one site) that sells automobiles and other types of road vehicles to consumers.>, guid = "bd58eed7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; AutoDealership rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss SingleSiteOrganization, iss RetailStore, iss Business; Automobile ismem Class; Automobile has label = "cars", comment = <A collection of transportation devices -- those commonly known as `passenger cars.' An instance of #$Automobile is an element of #$RoadVehicle which was designed for carrying about 4 passengers (give or take a factor of 2). In addition to midsize cars, #$Automobile includes elements belonging to the subsets #$SportsCar, #$PickupTruck and #$Van. This collection does NOT include motorcycles, buses, tractors, etc.>, guid = "bd5895c1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Automobile rel isu ProductType, isu ExistingObjectType, iss RoadVehicle, iss ContactLocation, iss HumanlyOccupiedSpatialObject; Awake isu Alertness; Awake has label = "awake", comment = <#$Awake is the #$Alertness attribute of being awake.>, guid = "bd58a5fa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BackSide ismem Class; BackSide has label = "backs", comment = <The collection of all the entire back sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct #$Sides, one of which faces in the backwards direction.>, guid = "bd59048d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BackSide rel isu RegionType, iss Side; Backward-AssertionDirection isu CycLAssertionDirection; Backward-AssertionDirection has label = "backward - assertion direction", comment = <The backward direction for Cyc assertions; the assertion is not forward propagated.>, guid = "bd674278-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Baked isu PreparationAttribute; Baked has label = "baked", comment = <The attribute #$Baked is a specialized form of #$Cooked. Food that is #$Baked has been prepared in an event of #$BakingFood, using a $#RegularOven.>, guid = "bd5886dd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BakingFood ismem Class; BakingFood has label = "baking food", comment = <A collection of events in which food is baked in a #$RegularOven. After an event of #$BakingFood, the food involved has been #$Baked.>, guid = "bd58aed0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BakingFood rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss CookingFood; BalconyLevelInAConstruction ismem Class; BalconyLevelInAConstruction has label = "balconies", comment = <A specialization of #$LevelOfAConstruction whose instances are balconies in the style of those overhanging levels sometimes found in churches, theatres, etc. Such balconies are often approximately one-third the size of the floor or level below them, and therefore can be considered legitimate levels themselves. They usually contain a mob of seats. Note that this collection does _not_ include the kind of balcony that protrudes from a window or door on an already existing level. See also #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction and #$BasementLevelInAConstruction.>, guid = "bd5894f5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BalconyLevelInAConstruction rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss LevelOfAConstruction; Bangladesh isu Entity; Bangladesh has label = "Bangladesh", comment = <Country near the eastern end of the Indian subcontinent, separated from #$Nepal by a narrow corridor of #$India, and sharing part of its border with #$Burma. Considered a part of India's territory during the period of British colonial rule.>, guid = "bd590173-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BankDebitCard ismem Class; BankDebitCard has label = "debit cards", comment = <A collection of official `documents'. Each element of #$BankDebitCard is a plastic card that enables the holder to access the account with which the card is associated; typically used to withdraw funds from the account. Cf. #$CreditCard.>, guid = "c0fd4920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BankDebitCard rel isu MoneyTenderType, iss Plastic, iss Card, iss IDDocument, iss TenderObject; Bartering ismem Class; Bartering has label = "barters", comment = <The collection of transactions between two #$Agents in which one #$Agent gives items or services to another #$Agent, and the other #$Agent gives items or services in return, and neither of the items or services is money, credit, or payment of money.>, guid = "bd58b2e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Bartering rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss ExchangeOfUserRights, iss Transaction, xor MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights; BaseKB isu BroadMicrotheory; BaseKB has label = "base k b", comment = <#$BaseKB is the most general #$Microtheory currently in use. Assertions in this context are `accessible' from any other #$Microtheory via the #$genlMt relation. In the partial order of microtheories, all microtheories have access to #$BaseKB. An assertion which is true here will by default be true in every context. The `content' of #$BaseKB consists of very general assertions which are expected to be usable in most or all applications of Cyc, as well as Cyc's most fundamental assertions that it uses in inference, and all completely universal, timeless truths.>, guid = "bd588111-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BasementLevelInAConstruction ismem Class; BasementLevelInAConstruction has label = "basements", comment = <A specialization of #$LevelOfAConstruction whose instances are below ground level. See also #$AboveGroundLevelInAConstruction and #$BalconyLevelInAConstruction.>, guid = "bd58ce1a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BasementLevelInAConstruction rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss LevelOfAConstruction; Battle ismem Class; Battle has label = "battles", comment = <The collection of events in which two or more large groups of #$Persons meet and fight one another, each group seeking to vanquish (some of) the others. #$Battles are often conducted by #$MilitaryOrganizations, and they may influence the outcomes of #$WagingWar. A #$Battle will have as #$subEvents at least two #$PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent events, in which one of the fighting groups attacks the other.>, guid = "bd58aeb0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Battle rel isu TemporalObjectType; BeamShaped isu ThreeDimensionalShapeAttribute; BeamShaped has label = "beam shaped", comment = <The attribute shared by all objects that have the attribute #$Rectangular3DShaped and for which one dimension is many times greater than the other two dimensions.>, guid = "c138a988-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Belgium isu Agent; Belgium has label = "Belgium", comment = <Belgium, a small #$IndependentCountry in the west of the #$ContinentOfEurope. It is a kingdom. The constant includes the nation of Belgium as it has existed throughout time, including both its physical and its political aspects.>, guid = "bd58df47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BeliefSystem ismem Class; BeliefSystem has label = "systems of belief", comment = <The collection of ideologies (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) their world. Elements of this set include: #$VegetarianBeliefs, #$GermanNaziIdeology, #$RepublicanPartyIdeology, #$CommunistIdeology, #$PacifistIdeology, #$Atheism, etc. See also #$ConventionalClassificationSystem.>, guid = "bd58bd47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BeliefSystem rel isu BeliefSystemType, iss AbstractInformationalThing; BeliefSystemType ismem Class; BeliefSystemType has label = "belief system type", comment = <The collection of all the kinds of #$BeliefSystems: religious, philosophical, political, ethical, cultural, and scientific. Some elements of this collection include #$Religion, #$PhilosophyBeliefs, etc. The most general member of this set is #$BeliefSystems (qv).>, guid = "bd590588-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BeliefSystemType rel ismem Class, ismem CollectionType; Bendable isu PhysicalStructuralAttribute; Bendable has label = "bendable", comment = <A physical attribute. #$Bendable is the #$PhysicalStructuralAttribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted. Note: for something to be bendable, it must be #$Flexible.>, guid = "bd58874c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Bicycle ismem Class; Bicycle has label = "bicycles", comment = <The collection of all bicycles, personal wheeled transport devices powered by human peddling. Most Bicycles have two main wheels arranged in-line, but some tandem bicycles have more than two wheels.>, guid = "bd58e8d0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Bicycle rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss Device-UserPowered; BidirectedPathSystem ismem Class; BidirectedPathSystem has label = "bidirected path system", comment = <An instance of #$PathSystemType-Structural and a subcollection of #$Semi-DirectedPathSystem. For each instance SYS of #$BidirectedPathSystem, every link in SYS is given two directions.>, guid = "beffe753-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BidirectedPathSystem rel isu PathSystemType-Structural, iss Semi-DirectedPathSystem, xor DirectedPathSystem; BilaterallySymmetricObject ismem Class; BilaterallySymmetricObject has label = "bilaterally symmetric object", comment = <The collection of objects which are symmetric on both sides of a bisecting axis, as are most vertebrates.>, guid = "bd58b94b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BilaterallySymmetricObject rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss SpatialThing; Bill-PaymentRequest ismem Class; Bill-PaymentRequest has label = "bills", comment = <A collection of documents. Each element of #$Bill-PaymentRequest is a notification, demand, or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services. Examples: telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, fuel bills.>, guid = "bd58d7b1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Bill-PaymentRequest rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss TextualMaterial; BillingLocation ismem Class; BillingLocation has label = "billing locations", comment = <A collection of places; a subset of #$ContactLocation. Each element of #$BillingLocation is a location to which invoices are sent. For most private individuals, their billing location is their home address.>, guid = "be0184e0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BillingLocation rel isu ContactLocationType, iss MailingLocation; BinaryFunction ismem Class; BinaryFunction has label = "binary function", comment = <#$BinaryFunction is the collection of all Cyc functions which take two arguments.>, guid = "c0e7247c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BinaryFunction rel ismem CoreConstant, iss BinaryRelation, iss Function-Denotational; BinaryPredicate ismem Class; BinaryPredicate has label = "binary predicates", comment = <#$BinaryPredicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take two arguments.>, guid = "bd588102-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BinaryPredicate rel is Property, isu PredicateCategory, ismem CoreConstant, iss Predicate, iss BinaryRelation, xor SubLObject; BinaryRelation ismem Class; BinaryRelation has label = "binary relation", comment = <The collection of all #$Relations of arity 2 in CycL. This collection was created in order to implement automatic conclusion of arity for relations in CycL, regardless of whether they are predicates or functions.>, guid = "be75c8f9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BinaryRelation rel ismem CoreConstant, iss FixedArityRelation, xor PartiallyCommutativeRelation; BioDeteriorationResistance ismem Class; BioDeteriorationResistance has label = "bio deterioration resistance", comment = <A collection of attributes; a subset of #$PhysicalAttribute. Each element of #$BioDeteriorationResistance represents a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist biological deterioration. Degrees of #$BioDeteriorationResistance may be represented using #$GenericValueFunctions. Indicate a particular object's #$BioDeteriorationResistance with the predicate #$resistanceToBioDeterioration.>, guid = "be00bf59-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BioDeteriorationResistance rel iss ScalarInterval; BiologicalCatabolismEvent ismem Class; BiologicalCatabolismEvent has label = "catabolisms", comment = <A collection of events. Each #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent involve the destruction of larger molecules. E.g., the degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).>, guid = "bd58ef47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalCatabolismEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss BiologicalDestructionEvent, iss BiologicalMetabolismEvent; BiologicalClass ismem Class; BiologicalClass has label = "classes", comment = <The collection of taxonomic subdivisions directly under #$BiologicalPhylum (for animals and for the animal-like organisms in the #$ProtistaKingdom), or #$BiologicalDivision (for the plants and for the plant-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom).>, guid = "bd58974c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalClass rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalDecompositionEvent ismem Class; BiologicalDecompositionEvent has label = "biological decomposition event", comment = <A collection of events. In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent, some living structures are decomposed.>, guid = "bd58b294-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalDecompositionEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss BiologicalDestructionEvent, iss DecompositionEvent; BiologicalDestructionEvent ismem Class; BiologicalDestructionEvent has label = "biological destruction event", comment = <A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent, something is destroyed by some element(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject. For example, #$DigestingInStomach is a subset of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent.>, guid = "bd58b316-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalDestructionEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss BiologicalEvent; BiologicalDevelopmentEvent ismem Class; BiologicalDevelopmentEvent has label = "biological development event", comment = <A collection of events, and a subset of #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvents. In each #$BiologicalDevelopmentEvent, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another. For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty. Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying.>, guid = "bd58d906-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalDevelopmentEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss IntrinsicStateChangeEvent, iss BiologicalEvent; BiologicalDivision ismem Class; BiologicalDivision has label = "divisions", comment = <The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of #$BiologicalKingdom (or #$BiologicalSubkingdom) for the members of the #$MoneraKingdom (i.e., prokaryotes), #$Fungus Kingdom, #$Plant Kingdom, and for the plant-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom. In the #$Animal Kingdom, however, the main taxonomic subdivisions are elements of #$BiologicalPhylum (q.v.) rather than #$BiologicalDivision.>, guid = "bd58978f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalDivision rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalEvent ismem Class; BiologicalEvent has label = "biological processes", comment = <An event in which a biological thing is a #$bodilyDoer.>, guid = "bd5902b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalEvent rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalStuffType, iss PhysicalEvent; BiologicalFamily ismem Class; BiologicalFamily has label = "taxonomic families", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalOrder (or #$BiologicalSuborder) and above #$BiologicalGenus. Especially important in Botanical classification.>, guid = "bd58cb2c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalFamily rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalGenus ismem Class; BiologicalGenus has label = "genera", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalFamily and above #$BiologicalSpecies. Sometimes, hybrids are possible between different instances of #$BiologicalSpecies that belong to the same #$BiologicalGenus.>, guid = "bd589a9f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalGenus rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalIntakeEvent ismem Class; BiologicalIntakeEvent has label = "biological intake event", comment = <A collection of processes. In each element of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent, some object(s) are taken into some living structure.>, guid = "bd588866-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalIntakeEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss BiologicalTransportationEvent; BiologicalKingdom ismem Class; BiologicalKingdom has label = "kingdoms", comment = <The collection of the highest, most general taxonomic divisions of organisms. Traditionally, it has included the elements of #$Animal and of #$Plant and may include separate kingdoms for the elements of #$ProkaryoticCell, single-celled eukaryotes (protists), and fungi.>, guid = "bd58989a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalKingdom rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalLivingObject ismem Class; BiologicalLivingObject has label = "living things", comment = <A collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see #$Cell). Biological living objects (BLOs) may be either elements of #$Organism-Whole (like dogs or pine trees) or are components of such whole organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles). The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO. Every element of #$BiologicalLivingObject is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm).>, guid = "bd58a6ed-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalLivingObject rel isu ExistingObjectType, iss OrganicStuff, iss CompositeTangibleAndIntangibleObject, iss NaturalTangibleStuff, xor Organization, xor InanimateThing, xor Place, xor Artifact-NonAgentive; BiologicalMetabolismEvent ismem Class; BiologicalMetabolismEvent has label = "biological metabolism event", comment = <The collection of biological processes in which substrates are converted into metabolites. The metabolites may be more or less complex than the substrates.>, guid = "bd58ee48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalMetabolismEvent rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss BiologicalEvent; BiologicalOrder ismem Class; BiologicalOrder has label = "orders", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalClass (or #$BiologicalSubclass) and above #$BiologicalFamily.>, guid = "bd58e329-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalOrder rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalPhylum ismem Class; BiologicalPhylum has label = "phyla", comment = <The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of #$BiologicalKingdom (or #$BiologicalSubkingdom if present) for the #$Animal kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the #$ProtistaKingdom. The other elements of #$BiologicalKingdom have divisions belonging to #$BiologicalDivision instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum).>, guid = "bd589813-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalPhylum rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalProductionEvent ismem Class; BiologicalProductionEvent has label = "biological production event", comment = <A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalProductionEvent, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and some element(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject is the producer. E.g., the production of honey by honeybees, the growth of a seedling into a tree, the secretion of sweat by a marathon runner, etc. Note: This is a very general collection, and for most purposes one of its subsets will better capture what is intended.>, guid = "bd58c40f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalProductionEvent rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss BiologicalEvent; BiologicalReproductionEvent ismem Class; BiologicalReproductionEvent has label = "procreations", comment = <A collection of events. Each element of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent is an event in which one or more biological organisms (the #$parentActors) produce new organisms (the #$offspringActors) generally of the same kind as the parents.>, guid = "bd58d8c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalReproductionEvent rel isu TemporalObjectType, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, iss BiologicalProductionEvent; BiologicalSpecies ismem Class; BiologicalSpecies has label = "species", comment = <A collection of the lowest taxons (#$BiologicalTaxon, q.v.) that are necessarily common to both parents of fertile offspring, or, in the case of asexual reproduction, necessarily common to parent and child. Members of different species cannot produce fertile offspring by interbreeding. An element of #$BiologicalSpecies has members who all have significant traits in common, and members of each biological species have other members as parents. In biological taxonomy, related species are grouped into a particular element of #$BiologicalGenus (q.v.).>, guid = "bd58caeb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSpecies rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSubclass ismem Class; BiologicalSubclass has label = "subclasses", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions more specific than #$BiologicalClass but more general than #$BiologicalOrder.>, guid = "bd58cba7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSubclass rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSubfamily ismem Class; BiologicalSubfamily has label = "biological subfamily", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalFamily and above #$BiologicalGenus.>, guid = "bf7063f7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSubfamily rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSubkingdom ismem Class; BiologicalSubkingdom has label = "subkingdoms", comment = <The collection of biological subkingdoms, the biological taxonomic divisions of organisms immediately below #$BiologicalKingdom.>, guid = "bd589857-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSubkingdom rel ismem CollectionType, isu BiologicalTaxonType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSuborder ismem Class; BiologicalSuborder has label = "biological suborder", comment = <The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below #$BiologicalOrder and above #$BiologicalFamily.>, guid = "bdf83894-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSuborder rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSubphylum ismem Class; BiologicalSubphylum has label = "biological subphylum", comment = <A collection of #$BiologicalTaxons that is more restrictive than #$BiologicalPhylum. All instances of a particular #$BiologicalSubspecies have significant traits or collections of traits in common which are not shared by all other members of the same #$BiologicalPhylum.>, guid = "bed637c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSubphylum rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalSubspecies ismem Class; BiologicalSubspecies has label = "subspecies", comment = <A collection of #$BiologicalTaxons that is more restrictive than #$BiologicalSpecies. Members of different subspecies can produce fertile offspring by interbreeding, but the offspring are not members of the parental subspecies although they are members of the common #$BiologicalSpecies. All instances of a particular #$BiologicalSubspecies have significant traits or collections of traits in common which are not shared by all other members of the same #$BiologicalSpecies. A #$BiologicalSubspecies is formed by inbreeding of a restricted group of members of a single species. This can happen naturally through geographic isolation or intentionally through controlled reproduction to create, for example, #$Dog breeds or crop strains.>, guid = "c0b6222b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalSubspecies rel isu BiologicalTaxonType, ismem CollectionType, iss BiologicalTaxon; BiologicalTaxon ismem Class; BiologicalTaxon has label = "taxonomic groups", comment = <The collection of ranked categories accepted by biologists for the biological classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships. Includes all levels of taxons. See also #$BiologicalTaxonType and #$OrganismClassificationType.>, guid = "bd58e2e8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalTaxon rel isu SiblingDisjointCollection, ismem CollectionType, iss OrganismClassificationType; BiologicalTaxonType ismem Class; BiologicalTaxonType has label = "biological taxon type", comment = <A collection of collections of collections; #$BiologicalTaxonType contains the classes of organism types (i.e., taxons) that biologists recognize, including #$BiologicalSpecies, #$BiologicalPhylum, etc. The naive classes that non-biologists use may be instances of some element of #$BiologicalTaxonType, though often they are not. When they coincide, the commonsense class of organism (e.g., #$Person) is an instance of some #$BiologicalTaxonType (#$BiologicalSpecies, for example). See also #$OrganismClassificationType.>, guid = "bd588dc6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalTaxonType rel isu SiblingDisjointCollection, ismem CollectionType; BiologicalTransportationEvent ismem Class; BiologicalTransportationEvent has label = "biological transportation event", comment = <The collection of processes involving living structures in which objects are transported.>, guid = "bd58fce2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BiologicalTransportationEvent rel isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType, iss TransportationEvent; Bird ismem Class; Bird has label = "birds", comment = <The collection of birds; a subset of #$Vertebrate. Each element of #$Bird is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal, covered with feathers, having forelimbs modified as wings and a beak rather than teeth. Members of most, but not all, species of bird can fly. #$Bird is an instance of #$BiologicalClass.>, guid = "bd58bc48-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; Bird rel isu BiologicalClass, isu OrganismClassificationType, iss TerrestrialOrganism, iss Vertebrate, iss NonPersonAnimal; BirthEvent ismem Class; BirthEvent has label = "births", comment = <The collection of events in which one animal (prototypically, a #$Mammal) gives birth to another. The mother is the #$birthParent and the child is the #$birthChild. Both are #$objectOfStateChange; the mother goes from being pregnant to not pregnant (therefore a #$BirthEvent is an instance of #$PregnancyEndingEvent), while the child changes from being inside the mother and relying on the mother for nutritional, respiratory, and excretory needs (called in CYC the #$Embryo life stage, although different English terms apply to different stages of in utero development in mammals and not all of these terms apply to live-born #$Fish) to the #$JuvenileAnimal life stage (see #$BiologicalStageOfDevelopment).>, guid = "bd58b30c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270"; BirthEvent rel ismem Class, isu DefaultDisjointScriptType, isu TemporalObjectType,